TANAH LOT (BALI)

'Tanah Lot' is a tourist attraction in Bali, Indonesia. Here there are two temples are situated on a large rock. One is located in the upper crust and the other is located on the cliffs similar to Pura Uluwatu. Pura Tanah Lot temple is part of Dang heaven. Pura Tanah Lot sea temple is a shrine guardian gods of the sea.Here there are two temples are situated at the top of a boulder. One is located in the upper crust and the other is located on the cliffs similar to Pura Uluwatu. Pura Tanah Lot temple is part of the heaven Sad, is to pretend thatthe joints of the island of Bali. Pura Tanah Lot sea temple is a shrine guardian gods of the sea.
LegendAccording to legend, this temple was built by a Brahmin who wander from Java. He was succeeded Nirartha that will strengthen the confidence of the Balinese Hinduism and build Sad heaven on the 16th century. At that time the ruler of Tanah Lot, Bendesa Beraben, jealous of him because his followers began to leave and follow Nirartha. Bendesa Beraben Nirartha ordered to leave the Tanah Lot. He agreed, and before leaving the Tanah Lot with its power to move his stone blocks to the center of the beach (not into the sea) and built temples there. She also changed her shawl into a snake temple guards. This snake is still there today and scientifically snakes include species of sea snakes that have characteristic flat tail like a fish, striped yellow and black have 3 times more potent venom of cobra snakes. End of the legend states that Bendesa Beraben 'finally' a follower Nirartha. 
Sights lot of land situated in the village of Tabanan regency Beraban Kediri district, about 13 km west of Tabanan. Pura Tanah Lot to the north there is a temple situated atop a cliff jutting into the sea. This cliff temple connect with the land and shaped like a bridge (arch). Tanah Lot is famous as a beautiful place to watch the sunset (sunset), tourists are usually crowded in the afternoon to see the beauty of the sunset here.
FacilitiesFrom the parking area leading to the temple often found art shops and food stalls, or just a tavern.
Places of worshipTemple ceremony or feast in the temple is celebrated every 210 days, the same as pretending to be another. Fall close to the celebration of Galungan and Brass that is precisely the Buddhist Holy Day Cemeng Langkir. At that time, those who pray will pray at the temple is crowded

ARTIKEL PARIWISATA - CANDI BOROBUDUR

CANDI BOROBUDUR YOGYAKARTA

Kebudayaan Indonesia terdiri dari unsur-unsur kebudayaan daerah yang

beragam di bumi pertiwi. Banyak kota-kota yang menjadi pusat pariwisata di antara Negara. Di luar Negara maupun di dalam Negara. Adapun kota kota yang di jadikan objek pariwisata itu beberapa mengandung banyak kisah dan cerita jaman dulu, untuk kita pelajari dan menambah sebuah pengetahuan. Contoh dalam garis besarnya adalah kota Yogyakarta. Kita semua tidak asing dengan snama kota itu. Kota Yogya terkenal dengan sebuah cerita menarik dengan zaman kerajaan-kerajaan berdarah jawa tulen. Berikut sejarah yang kita ketahui Yogyakarta pada zaman dahulu.

Berdirinya Kota Yogyakarta berawal dari adanya Perjanjian Gianti pada Tanggal 13 Februari 1755 yang ditandatangani Kompeni Belanda di bawah tanda tangan Gubernur Nicholas Hartingh atas nama Gubernur Jendral Jacob Mossel. Isi Perjanjian Gianti : Negara Mataram dibagi dua : Setengah masih menjadi Hak Kerajaan Surakarta, setengah lagi menjadi Hak Pangeran Mangkubumi. Dalam perjanjian itu pula Pengeran Mangkubumi diakui menjadi Raja tas setengah daerah Pedalaman Kerajaan Jawa dengan Gelar Sultan Hamengku Buwono Senopati Ing Alega Abdul Rachman Sayidin Panatagama Khalifatullah.

Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta (DIY) adalah provinsi tertua kedua di Negara Republik Indonesia setelah Jawa Timur, yang dibentuk oleh pemerintah negara bagian Indonesia. Provinsi ini juga memiliki status istimewa atau otonomi khusus. Status ini merupakan sebuah warisan dari zaman sebelum kemerdekaan. Kesultanan Yogyakarta dan juga Kadipaten Paku Alaman, sebagai cikal bakal atau asal usul DIY, memiliki status sebagai “Kerajaan vasal/Negara bagian/Dependent state” dalam pemerintahan penjajahan mulai dari VOC , Hindia Perancis (Republik Bataav Belanda-Perancis), India Timur/EIC (Kerajaan Inggris), Hindia Belanda (Kerajaan Nederland), dan terakhir Tentara Angkatan Darat XVI Jepang (Kekaisaran Jepang). Oleh Belanda status tersebut disebut sebagai Zelfbestuurende Lanschappen dan oleh Jepang disebut dengan Koti/Kooti. Status ini membawa konsekuensi hukum dan politik berupa kewenangan untuk mengatur dan mengurus wilayah [negaranya] sendiri di bawah pengawasan pemerintah penjajahan tentunya.

Sesudah awal membahas sebagian dari kerajaan dri Yogyakarta, selanjutnya kita akan membahas mengenai Candi Borobudur. Candi Borobudur merupakan sebagian dari 7 keajaiban dunia yang terletak di Indonesia. Dengan bentuk realif yang sempurna dan bangunan yang unik. Borobudur adalah nama sebuah candi Buddha yang terletak di Borobudur, Magelang, Jawa Tengah. Lokasi candi adalah kurang lebih 100 km di sebelah barat daya Semarang dan 40 km di sebelah barat laut Yogyakarta. Candi ini didirikan oleh para penganut agama Buddha Mahayana sekitar tahun 800-an Masehi pada masa pemerintahan wangsa Syailendra.

Sejarah Candi Borobudur

Borobudur dibangun sekitar tahun 800 Masehi atau abad ke-9. Candi Borobudur dibangun oleh para penganut agama Buddha Mahayana pada masa pemerintahan Wangsa Syailendra. Candi ini dibangun pada masa kejayaan dinasti Syailendra. Pendiri Candi Borobudur yaitu Raja Samaratungga yang berasal dari wangsa atau dinasti Syailendra. Kemungkinan candi ini dibangun sekitar tahun 824 M dan selesai sekitar menjelang tahun 900-an Masehi pada masa pemerintahan Ratu Pramudawardhani yang adalah putri dari Samaratungga. Sedangkan arsitek yang berjasa membangun candi ini menurut kisah turun-temurun bernama Gunadharma.

Candi ini selama berabad-abad tidak lagi digunakan. Kemudian karena letusan gunung berapi, sebagian besar bangunan Candi Borobudur tertutup tanah vulkanik. Selain itu, bangunan juga tertutup berbagai pepohonan dan semak belukar selama berabad-abad. Kemudian bangunan candi ini mulai terlupakan pada zaman Islam masuk ke Indonesia sekitar abad ke-15.

Pada tahun 1814 saat Inggris menduduki Indonesia, Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles mendengar adanya penemuan benda purbakala berukuran raksasa di desa Bumisegoro daerah Magelang. Karena minatnya yang besar terhadap sejarah Jawa, maka Raffles segera memerintahkan H.C. Cornelius, seorang insinyur Belanda, untuk menyelidiki lokasi penemuan yang saat itu berupa bukit yang dipenuhi semak belukar.

Cornelius dibantu oleh sekitar 200 pria menebang pepohonan dan menyingkirkan semak belukar yang menutupi bangunan raksasa tersebut. Karena mempertimbangkan bangunan yang sudah rapuh dan bisa runtuh, maka Cornelius melaporkan kepada Raffles penemuan tersebut termasuk beberapa gambar. Karena penemuan itu, Raffles mendapat penghargaan sebagai orang yang memulai pemugaran Candi Borobudur dan mendapat perhatian dunia. Pada tahun 1835, seluruh area candi sudah berhasil digali. Candi ini terus dipugar pada masa penjajahan Belanda.

Setelah Indonesia merdeka, pada tahun 1956, pemerintah Indonesia meminta bantuan UNESCO untuk meneliti kerusakan Borobudur. Lalu pada tahun 1963, keluar keputusan resmi pemerintah Indonesia untuk melakukan pemugaran Candi Borobudur dengan bantuan dari UNESCO. Namun pemugaran ini baru benar-benar mulai dilakukan pada tanggal 10 Agustus 1973. Proses pemugaran baru selesai pada tahun 1984. Sejak tahun 1991, Candi Borobudur ditetapkan sebagai World Heritage Site atau Warisan Dunia oleh UNESCO.

Nama Borobudur

Banyak teori yang berusaha menjelaskan nama candi ini. Salah satunya menyatakan bahwa nama ini kemungkinan berasal dari kata Sambharabhudhara, yaitu artinya "gunung" (bhudara) di mana di lereng-lerengnya terletak teras-teras. Selain itu terdapat beberapa etimologi rakyat lainnya. Misalkan kata borobudur berasal dari ucapan "para Buddha" yang karena pergeseran bunyi menjadi borobudur. Penjelasan lain ialah bahwa nama ini berasal dari dua kata "bara" dan "beduhur". Kata bara konon berasal dari kata vihara, sementara ada pula penjelasan lain di mana bara berasal dari bahasa Sansekerta yang artinya kompleks candi atau biara dan beduhur artinya ialah "tinggi", atau mengingatkan dalam bahasa Bali yang berarti "di atas". Jadi maksudnya ialah sebuah biara atau asrama yang berada di tanah tinggi.

1.     Struktur Borobudur

                                                                                                  

Candi Borobudur berbentuk punden berundak, yang terdiri 10 tingkat, berukuran 123 x 123 meter, tingginya 42 meter sebelum direnovasi dan 34,5 meter setelah direnovasi karena tingkat paling bawah digunakan sebagai penahan.10 tingkat itu terdiri dari;enam tingkat berbentuk bujur sangkar, tiga tingkat berbentuk bundar melingkar dan sebuah stupa utama sebagai puncaknya, yang menghadap kea rah barat. Selain itu tersebar di semua tingkat-tingkatannya beberapa stupa. Jumlah stupa di kompleksnya tersebut 594.

Borobudur yang bertingkat sepuluh menggambarkan secara jelas filsafat mazhab Mahayana. Bagaikan sebuah kitab, Borobudur menggambarkan sepuluh tingkatan Bodhisattva yang harus dilalui untuk mencapai kesempurnaan menjadi Buddha.

·         Kamadhatu, bagian dasar Borobudur, melambangkan manusia yang masih terikat nafsu.

·         Rupadhatu, empat tingkat di atasnya, melambangkan manusia yang telah dapat membebaskan diri dari nafsu namun masih terikat rupa dan bentuk. Pada tingkat tersebut, patung Budha diletakkan terbuka.

·         Arupadhatu, tiga tingkat di atasnya dimana Budha diletakkan di dalam stupa yang berlubang-lubang. Melambangkan manusia yang telah terbebas dari nafsu, rupa, dan bentuk.

·         Arupa, bagian paling atas yang melambangkan nirwana, tempat Budha bersemayam

Di masa lalu, beberapa patung Buddha bersama dengan 30 batu dengan relief, dua patung singa, beberapa batu berbentuk kala, tangga dan gerbang dikirimkan kepada Raja Thailand, Chulalongkorn yang mengunjungi Hindia Belanda (kini Indonesia) pada tahun 1896 sebagai hadiah dari pemerintah Hindia Belanda ketika itu.

Borobudur tidak memiliki ruang-ruang pemujaan seperti candi-candi lain. Yang ada ialah lorong-lorong panjang yang merupakan jalan sempit. Lorong-lorong dibatasi dinding mengelilingi candi tingkat demi tingkat. Di lorong-lorong inilah umat Buddha diperkirakan melakukan upacara berjalan kaki mengelilingi candi ke arah kanan. Bentuk bangunan tanpa ruangan dan struktur bertingkat-tingkat ini diduga merupakan perkembangan dari bentuk punden berundak, yang merupakan bentuk arsitektur asli dari masa prasejarah Indonesia.

Struktur Borobudur bila dilihat dari atas membentuk struktur Mandala.

Struktur Borobudur tidak memakai semen sama sekali, melainkan sistem interlock yaitu seperti balok-balok Lego yang bisa menempel tanpa lem.

2.     Relief

Di setiap tingkatan dipahat relief-relief pada dinding candi. Relief-relief ini dibaca sesuai arah jarum jam atau disebut mapradaksina dalam bahasa Jawa Kuna yang berasal dari bahasa Sansekerta daksina yang artinya ialah timur. Relief-relief ini bermacam-macam isi ceritanya, antara lain relief-relief cerita jātaka.

Pembacaan cerita-cerita relief ini senantiasa dimulai, dan berakhir pada pintu gerbang sisi timur di setiap tingkatnya, mulainya di sebelah kiri dan berakhir di sebelah kanan pintu gerbang itu. Maka secara nyata bahwa sebelah timur adalah tangga naik yang sesungguhnya (utama) dan menuju puncak candi, artinya bahwa candi menghadap ke timur meskipun sisi-sisi lainnya serupa benar.

Secara runtutan, maka cerita pada relief candi secara singkat bermakna sebagai berikut :

a.      Karmawibhangga

Salah satu ukiran Karmawibhangga di dinding candi Borobudur (lantai 0 sudut tenggara)

Sesuai dengan makna simbolis pada kaki candi, relief yang menghiasi dinding batur yang terselubung tersebut menggambarkan hukum karma. Deretan relief tersebut bukan merupakan cerita seri (serial), tetapi pada setiap pigura menggambarkan suatu cerita yang mempunyai korelasi sebab akibat. Relief tersebut tidak saja memberi gambaran terhadap perbuatan tercela manusia disertai dengan hukuman yang akan diperolehnya, tetapi juga perbuatan baik manusia dan pahala. Secara keseluruhan merupakan penggambaran kehidupan manusia dalam lingkaran lahir - hidup - mati (samsara) yang tidak pernah berakhir, dan oleh agama Buddha rantai tersebutlah yang akan diakhiri untuk menuju kesempurnaan.

b.      Lalitawistara

Merupakan penggambaran riwayat Sang Buddha dalam deretan relief-relief (tetapi bukan merupakan riwayat yang lengkap ) yang dimulai dari turunnya Sang Buddha dari sorga Tusita, dan berakhir dengan wejangan pertama di Taman Rusa dekat kota Banaras. Relief ini berderet dari tangga pada sisi sebelah selatan, setelah melampui deretan relief sebanyak 27 pigura yang dimulai dari tangga sisi timur. Ke-27 pigura tersebut menggambarkan kesibukan, baik di sorga maupun di dunia, sebagai persiapan untuk menyambut hadirnya penjelmaan terakhir Sang Bodhisattwa selaku calon Buddha. Relief tersebut menggambarkan lahirnya Sang Buddha di arcapada ini sebagai Pangeran Siddhartha, putra Raja Suddhodana dan Permaisuri Maya dari Negeri Kapilawastu. Relief tersebut berjumlah 120 pigura, yang berakhir dengan wejangan pertama, yang secara simbolis dinyatakan sebagai Pemutaran Roda Dharma, ajaran Sang Buddha di sebut dharma yang juga berarti "hukum", sedangkan dharma dilambangkan sebagai roda.

c.       Jataka dan Awadana

Jataka adalah cerita tentang Sang Buddha sebelum dilahirkan sebagai Pangeran Siddharta. Isinya merupakan pokok penonjolan perbuatan baik, yang membedakan Sang Bodhisattwa dari makhluk lain manapun juga. Sesungguhnya, pengumpulan jasa/perbuatan baik merupakan tahapan

 persiapan dalam usaha menuju ketingkat ke-Buddha-an.

Sedangkan Awadana, pada dasarnya hampir sama dengan Jataka akan tetapi pelakunya bukan Sang Bodhisattwa, melainkan orang lain dan ceritanya dihimpun dalam kitab Diwyawadana yang berarti perbuatan mulia kedewaan, dan kitab Awadanasataka atau seratus cerita Awadana. Pada relief candi Borobudur jataka dan awadana, diperlakukan sama, artinya keduanya terdapat dalam deretan yang sama tanpa dibedakan. Himpunan yang paling terkenal dari kehidupan Sang Bodhisattwa adalah Jatakamala atau untaian cerita Jataka, karya penyair Aryasura dan jang hidup dalam abad ke-4 Masehi.

d.      Gandawyuha

Merupakan deretan relief menghiasi dinding lorong ke-2,adalah cerita Sudhana yang berkelana tanpa mengenal lelah dalam usahanya mencari Pengetahuan Tertinggi tentang Kebenaran Sejati oleh Sudhana. Penggambarannya dalam 460 pigura didasarkan pada kitab suci Buddha Mahayana yang berjudul Gandawyuha, dan untuk bagian penutupnya berdasarkan cerita kitab lainnya yaitu Bhadracari.

3.     Tahapan pembangunan Borobudur

·         Tahap pertama

Masa pembangunan Borobudur tidak diketahui pasti (diperkirakan antara 750 dan 850 M). Pada awalnya dibangun tata susun bertingkat. Sepertinya dirancang sebagai piramida berundak. tetapi kemudian diubah. Sebagai bukti ada tata susun yang dibongkar.

·         Tahap kedua

Pondasi Borobudur diperlebar, ditambah dengan dua undak persegi dan satu undak lingkaran yang langsung diberikan stupa induk besar

·       Tahap ketiga

Undak atas lingkaran dengan stupa induk besar dibongkar dan dihilangkan dan diganti tiga undak lingkaran. Stupa-stupa dibangun pada puncak undak-undak ini dengan satu stupa besar di tengahnya.

·       Tahap keempat

Ada perubahan kecil seperti pembuatan relief perubahan tangga dan lengkung atas pintu.

4.     Ikhtisar waktu proses pemugaran Candi Borobudur

                                                                        

·         1814 - Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles, Gubernur Jenderal Britania Raya di Jawa, mendengar adanya penemuan benda purbakala di desa Borobudur. Raffles memerintahkan H.C. Cornelius untuk menyelidiki lokasi penemuan, berupa bukit yang dipenuhi semak belukar.

·         1873 - monografi pertama tentang candi diterbitkan.

·         1900 - pemerintahan Hindia Belanda menetapkan sebuah panitia pemugaran dan perawatan candi Borobudur.

·         1907 - Theodoor van Erp memimpin pemugaran hingga tahun 1911.

·         1926 - Borobudur dipugar kembali, tapi terhenti pada tahun 1940 akibat krisis malaise dan Perang Dunia II.

·         1956 - pemerintah Indonesia meminta bantuan UNESCO. Prof. Dr. C. Coremans datang ke Indonesia dari Belgia untuk meneliti sebab-sebab kerusakan Borobudur.

·         1963 - pemerintah Indonesia mengeluarkan surat keputusan untuk memugar Borobudur, tapi berantakan setelah terjadi peristiwa G-30-S.

·         1968 - pada konferensi-15 di Perancis, UNESCO setuju untuk memberi bantuan untuk menyelamatkan Borobudur.

·         1971 - pemerintah Indonesia membentuk badan pemugaran Borobudur yang diketuai Prof.Ir.Roosseno.

·         1972 - International Consultative Committee dibentuk dengan melibatkan berbagai negara dan Roosseno sebagai ketuanya. Komite yang disponsori UNESCO menyediakan 5 juta dolar Amerika Serikat dari biaya pemugaran 7.750 juta dolar Amerika Serikat. Sisanya ditanggung Indonesia.

·         10 Agustus 1973 - Presiden Soeharto meresmikan dimulainya pemugaran Borobudur; pemugaran selesai pada tahun 1984

·         21 Januari 1985 - terjadi serangan bom yang merusakkan beberapa stupa pada Candi Borobudur yang kemudian segera diperbaiki kembali. Serangan dilakukan oleh kelompok Islam ekstrem yang dipimpin Habib Husein Ali Alhabsyi.

·         1991 - Borobudur ditetapkan sebagai Warisan Dunia UNESCO.

Harga Tiket masuk Candi Borobudur
Wisatawan Lokal

Senin – Jumat Rp 15.000 (dewasa) dan Rp 10.000 (anak-anak dan pelajar)

Sabtu, Minggu dan libur nasional Rp 17.500 (dewasa) dan 11.000 (anak-anak dan pelajar)

Libur Lebaran, Natal dan Tahun Baru Rp 25.000 (dewasa) dan Rp 12.500 (anak-anak dan pelajar)

Wisatawan Asing

USD $ 15 (dewasa) dan USD $ 8 (anak-anak)

Dari artikel diatas dapat disimpulkan bahwa Yogyakarta memiliki tempat wisata yang unik dan mengagumkan, tempat-tempat bersejarah dan tempat-tempat yang indah. Dan semua itu sangat berkaitan erat dengan pendidikan, karena dengan mengetahui tempat-tempat wisata tersebut kita bisa tahu sejarah dan menambah ilmu pengetahuan.

ARTIKEL PARIWISATA - PULAU LOMBOK (PANTAI SENGGIGI)

Kabupaten Lombok Barat adalah sebuah kabupaten yang bila ditinjau dari

sektor kepariwisataannya cukup meyakinkan dengan mendapatkan kehormatan

sebagai Daerah Tujuan Wisata. Terletak sebelah Utara Laut Jawa, sebelah Selatan Samudera Indonesia, sebelah Barat Selat Lombok dan Kota Madya Mataram, sebelah Timur Kabupaten Lombok Tengah dan Kabupaten Lombok Timur, terbagi dalam 15 Kecamatan yaitu: Kecamatan Bayan, Kayangan, Gangga, Tanjung, Pemenang, Gunungsari, Batulayar, Lingsar, Narmada, Labuapi, Kediri, Kuripan, Gerung, Lembar, dan Sekotong Tengah. Sarana dan prasarana untuk menunjang kegiatan pariwisata di Kabupaten Lombok Barat, sudah cukup mendukung walaupun belum selengkap seperti yang ada di Bali

obyek penelitian Dinas Pariwisata Seni dan Budaya di Kabupaten Lombok barat, adapun alasan memilih Kabupaten Lombok Barat sebagai daerah penelitian, karena menganalisa fenomena atau obyek di sekitarnya. Keindahannya membuat para turis selalu ingin tahu di balik cerita Lombok mengisah kan kepulauan yang begitu luar biasa.

Pulau Lombok "The Siter of Bali" merupakan salah satu objek tujuan wisata yang terus berkembang dengan cepat belakangan ini. Lombok menyajikan tempat wisata yang indah. Tingkat wisatawan ke Lombok pun berkembang pesat dalam beberapa decade ini. Seperti kita ketahui Jika Pulau Bali dan Lombok banyak terdapat kemiripan. Oleh karena itu Wisata pulau Lombok tidaklah kalah jauh dengan wisata di Pulau Bali. tempatnya yang dilingkari oleh lautan menjadikan Lombok sebagai tempat favorit para wisatawan yang ingin menikmati keindahan laut. Berikut ini beberapa tujuan Wisata Pulau Lombok yang paling banyak diminati oleh para wisatawan

Wisata pulau lombok yang pertama yaitu Pantai senggigi. Senggigi merupakan objek pariwisata yang favorit di Lombok dan terdapat di sebelah barat Lombok. Pantai Senggigi tidaklah setenar Kuta Bali, namun jika kita berada di pantai senggigi ini, suasana yang rasakan seperti membawa kita seperti di Kuta, Bali. Dengan kondisi pantai yang masih asri merupakan daya pikat dari pantai senggigi untuk menarik para wisatawan.

Pantai Senggigi ini merupakan salahsatu dari sekian banyaknya tempat wisata di Lombok,Nusa Tenggara Barat yang tentunya bisa membuat wisatawan terpesona akan keindahan yang dimiliki oleh pantai ini. Pantai yang terletak di sebelah barat pesisir Pulau Lombok ini memang tak sebesar Pantai Kuta yang terdapat Bali.

Pemandangan yang terlihat di sekitar Pantai Senggigi Lombok ini masih begitu asri,Selain dari itu, pemandangan bawah lautnya pun sbegitu indah.Di pantai ini pengunjung bisa melakukan snorkling dengan sepuas hari, sebab ombak di Pantai ini tak begitu besar karena terumbu karang yang ada di pantai ini menjulang ketengah sehingga ombak besarnya pecah di tengah.

Pantai Senggigi ini terletak sekitar 12 kilometer di sebelah barat laut Kota Mataram,Dimana pantai merupakan tempat wisata yang cukup terkenal dengan keindahan dan kealamian pantainya.

 Pantai Senggigi ini memang menawarkan pesona pantai yang khas. Suasana alami yang belum banyak dijejali oleh turis asing, seakan menjadi penanda beda pantai ini dengan pantai-pantai yang ada di Bali. Hal ini tentu saja memberi nuansa tersendiri bagi para pwisatawan. Tak Heran, jika pantai ini kini dijadikan tujuan alternatif baru para wisatawan yang haus akan suasana kesenyapan alami yang menentramkan.

Translate Techniques Screenplay Writing PART 3

AnimationCreating the illusion of moving techniques. Animation starts from the image. Then, with a particular technique (either manually or by computer), the image is made to move so as if something in it alive and animate. More detailed discussion here.

AnimeAnimated style that is rooted in Japanese comics.

BlockbusterThe film is a huge success financially. Typically in North America, said the blockbuster film that ticket sales exceeding 100 million USD since its release.

Box-OfficeTotal money raised from ticket sales moviegoers through a film.

CameoRole played briefly in the film of famous people, to raise a little selling value in the eyes of the audience story.
CastPeople who looked at in a piece of film.
CastingRecruitment movie player (who will appear on the screen when the film finished). This process is usually done by a special casting directors to consider the input from the Director, Producer and the Studio.
ClosureCertain observed phenomena but regarded it as part of a whole [by Scott McCloud]. For example, in one frame we see the legs of a figure, but our brains are sure the character has legs.
Deus ex MachinaTranslation is literally "god from machine". The term is born out of the theater is used in scientific and everyday to describe the intervention of "god" in a surprise change of an event. "God" is, in a work of fiction, it could be something or someone figures that suddenly appear and suddenly solve problems previously unsolved [Webster].
DramaturgyThe art or technique of dramatic composition and theatrical representation [Webster].
EkranisasiRather than a work vehicle (usually non audiovisual) to audiovisual works of film form. Opposite: Cerpenisasi, novelisasi, komikisasi, etc..
FeatureThe film is at least a duration of 40 minutes (involving two film reels, one reel / tape length movies 15-25 minutes), intended to be played in theaters. If the duration is less than that, we call it "short film".
Femme FataleIt literally means "woman's death". This term in a work of fiction to portray female characters are cold-blooded hero. He's lethal, usually for men.
FestivalIt literally means "party", whether it be a party books, comics or movies. Event of this kind usually used for good present of a film, exhibited, sold copyrighted comic book distributor, to relate, infinite possibilities. Some of the festival is non competitive, if for example in the field of film JiFFest (Jakarta International Film Festival), Pusan ​​International Film Festival, and so on. Several others are competitive, such as the Festival Film Indonesia (Image), Festival du Cannes (Palm d'Or), Academy Award (Oscar), etc.. Decisive victory in a competitive festival that could be of the jury, audience, or a combination of both.

FictionSomething (especially the story) that was created from the imagination [Webster].
FTVShort Film Television. This is a feature film funded by the television station or network TV since the beginning intended to be aired on television, not cinema.
GenreSimply put it means kind of a work. Short story is one of the genre fiction, if we categorize the forms. Action, Thriller, Drama or even a genre, if we classify the content of the story. Thus, determining the genre relies heavily on the categorization (or elements) that we are talking about. It's also what we mean exactly the same, say about the story, the genre still is not something exact. That is, always open the opportunity for dissent. More detailed explanation here.
IconSimple imaging that are designed to resemble the subject [by Scott McCloud]. Such a smiley-face icon on the internet is a human.
ComicThe pictures and other symbols jukstaposition (contiguous) in a certain order, to convey information and / or achieve an aesthetic response from readers [by Scott McCloud].
MoviegoerAddicts or film audience [by John M. Echols and Hassan Shadily].
OnomatopeaWords that imitate sounds. For example, "stamps" (words to describe the sound broken plates), "bang" to describe the gun exploded, etc.. This technique is usually used for visual media (who do not speak), a kind of novel or comic. But sometimes there is also a film that uses onomatopea for comic effect. For example, films of the 1980s Batman (played by humans) to use the writings of "POW!", "CRUNCH!", Etc.. that suddenly appear to meet the television screen. This is intentional to show the feel of the comic in the film.

PanelIn the comics, means the panel frame (physical limitation) pictures and symbols on a page. A page can consist of one or more panels are placed adjacent or contiguous. Variety of panel shapes: circle, trapezoid, triangle, star, etc.. But generally rectangular shape. The panel serves as a general guideline for the time / space separated. Over time and more space dimensions is described by the contents of the panel, not the panel itself [by Scott McCloud].
AuthorThe general term for the person who creates a written work of fiction, could it be novels, film scripts, television, radio, advertising, etc..

Translate Techniques Screenplay Writing PART 2

Types of Fiction II Film Scenario

Character-driven
As the name suggests, character-driven scenarios using the characters in it to drive the story. For this type, thus the importance of the characters in the scenario that can not be replaced with another character. Unlike the plot-driven scenario for the events where the event came up to the main characters for the sake of storytelling, even the existence of a character that will bring the events. Each character (especially the main character) is appropriate to have a very detailed description, which will become a reference for the occurrence of events, one after another.
If not 100% understand, let's try to create a character that is very detailed:
Anto is a 30-year-old man, scorpio zodiac, homosexuality, love cooking, never going out with a woman once, and thereafter was always going out with other men. He has a phobia against women. Now he is dating Aryo, co-workers. Anto indulgence food is chicken cordon bleu, while the favorite beverage is coffee brewed. Her work is a parking in one of the supermarket. Broadly speaking, Anto sanguinis are melancholy, introverted, and open only to those closest. ff. ff.
These characters will be in vain if we are to make the plot a brutal alien attack, and make Anto died in the attack. Perhaps in these scenes the audience will only get information that there was a man kemayu that scream "help!" before he was shot dead by an alien.
Anto character of the above information, we can make a long film scenario, because the character has been brought before the conflict we need to invent. We can imagine Anto action as a parking dilemma that has to hide his attraction to the same sex, because there has never been a parking gay history is not it? The fact that he was afraid women will also invite a separate plot for supermarket customers mostly women. Anto as the main character will be the axis of development scenarios, and this is a character-driven scenario.
Many people who say that writing ability is a talent. But that does not really write that talent-bakatan?
Muhammad Julius (Iyus)-editor of teen magazine Annida - immediately denied. "What should be done first before writing the same thing is do not believe in talent, because talent is not the revelation of God to men who have been chosen. So everybody has the right to be a writer. "
According Iyus, basically writing, as one of the profession, is the choice of people who want menggelutinya. Writing is not completely finished, the process needed to be able, proficient and professional. To be a writer takes a requirement, one of the most important prerequisite is resilient. First of all our paper may be rejected, for it need to practice constantly. Furthermore, according to Iyus, we need to do benchmarking (comparing with the work of others who have both) so that in time we'll find our own style.
Hardiness-related conditions, in order to be a reliable writer, Joni Ariadinata is exemplary in this figure. Talent in the world to write about Kang Joni did not fully believe.
"Talent is only a small fraction, which is important to learn exactly how our efforts and sincere in the writing profession," says Kang Joni. Mention natural talent Kang Joni said, "There is, as a child had a tendency to like to write, but it is still cultivated by the family, the environment. But without talent can really. "

Joni said Kang never feel desperate times have also published short stories a year, and had thought about quitting. After hundreds of stories submitted and none are loaded, at the point of frustration've decided to stop being a writer and hate writing. But then there is a loaded one and makes the spirit again. And write again, but six months later no longer loaded. At the time of frustration both in the short story turned out to fit on the Compass, and instantly become a champion.
"Work of authorship could not be separated from the effort, it should be ready to face penatnya sitting at a computer all day, straightened up to strike out the sentences that have been prepared for weeks to be replaced with a more effective and striking," commented Ms. Yasmina Fajri Dian-ex Annida magazine editor in chief.
Opinion Mohammed Julius, Joni Ariadinata and Dian Yasmina Fajri can be found in the book "Annida, Sakti Book Writing Fiction". A book intended as a handbook for anyone who wants to start and explore the world of writing. Is a step by step guide how to become a powerful writer of fiction. This book discusses everything from talent, writing constraints, we are marketing a work of fiction, magazine and publisher addresses, to how to create and offer it into the screenplay.
Iyus in this book illustrate the talent, that talent = great effort. This is done by a Linus Suryadi AG, poet Yogya one of his works, prose literature Recognition Pariyem internationally known universe. Before Recognition Pariyem born, Linus is experienced persistent rejection and feelings of failure to interfere. Long before he decided to become a writer Linus felt I had no talent. Ayip columnist Bakr had also rejected the editor up to 20 times. Only in writing to-21, his writings published. Talent = imagination, is Budi Darma, Olenka novelist, said that all that is written in his books is a copy-paste of the imagination are very sensitive to the events he sees every day. His mind often chased the weird imagination. Budi Darma short stories collected in Bloomington People and Olenka novel contains stories that come from his imagination. Talent = prestige, this is the case in Utuy Tatang Sontai. Utuy feel insulted by a neighbor girl who could be a high school while he had not completed Park Adult (junior high). To maintain the prestige he wrote in the paper Pasundan rays. Utuy continue to write simply in order not to feel insulted by her neighbors. He never thought that his decision would make him famous as a great poet in the literary treasures of Indonesia.
Furthermore this book leads us to create a barrier so the bridge. Internal barriers to daiatasi a way, first by setting a good faith determination, not much hope of getting contaminated by fees or royalties. So it takes a straight intention and determination. Second, my eyes are not failing, fear of being wrong, my eyes humiliated, scared or afraid of his work can not be restored as good as anyone else. Third, be confident. By believing that whatever style of writing as we are always able to display things that are useful to others. Fourth, do not be lazy, because lazy is the main factor ketidakproduktifan someone. Fifth, be willing to learn. Being a writer does not have talent, that is needed is a lot of reading, learning from senior writers, learn to write simple things, and learn to observe the environment. Sixth, do not procrastinate, put off writing because it could be a big obstacle for a writer. Should be recorded directly didpat idea, immediately write down the imagination or typed. Do not ignore the inspiration, because when it's missing is likely to be difficult to call him back even forget altogether.


Difficulties in terms of writing techniques should also be eliminated. First, the idea stuck can be solved by writing a personal experience, the experience of others, the news media, books, history, the universe, a dream, and various other phenomena. Second, it is difficult to start, can be overcome by providing up in order to absorb inspiration from anywhere and at any time. Trouble started, according to letikan Arswendo is what makes one writer was intrigued. Third, loss of direction or Ngalor ngidul can be overcome by making a written plan for each of the subject matter does not escape at will. Frank Bannet, American writer, pointed out how as-follows: 1) the characters confronted with one or more issues to be resolved. 2) create a logical solution of the problem. 3) create a cover story. 4) write an opening paragraph or two that interest. 5) and then stacking the plot, the setting up scenes and incidents in a way the character's resolve maslahnya. The various plots of the blast plot (ending with an unexpected surprise), the plot of soft (end of the story like a whisper or low expression), plot a soft burst (a mixture of soft and explosions), the plot is open (the reader is stimulated to develop the story by thinking of each ), or the plot is closed (the end of the story does not stimulate the reader to not continue the storyline). Fourth, the difficulty to build conflict and suspense. Story without conflict is like vegetables without seasoning. The story must contain conflict. Difference between the character and interests of others, nature, bitang, or his own mind could be a conflict. Conflict over the conflict is called suspense or tension. The story becomes more exciting with the tension. Fifth, it can not end the writing, too overcome by making essay plans. End of story should be finished by giving the impression that, so that the reader feels the story will not be any conflict anymore. Can be a happy ending (happy ending) or tragic (sad ending), or ending a floating, adrift, so that the reader is left not satisfied as if there is another ending that should happen.
External barriers include lack of facilities and infrastructure to overcome the buoyant spirit and strong desire. Should dare to accept criticism, harsh or soft, considered as input. Which could not be completed manuscript often frustrating, then finish writing the effort and prayer (remember 1% talent and 99% is the help of God). If I'm bored; put an end to work, relax by sleeping, reading the works of great writers, or a breath of fresh air. Writing is not worth unloading, to look for reasons why his writings have been rejected, among others: the unpleasant appearance, do not pay attention to punctuation, not in accordance with the vision and mission of the media, story ideas are too often loaded, not according to circumstances and conditions, or have not mastered the technique writing (conflict, characterizations, setting the story, and not worked in an interesting ending. Finally do not think professional writers as madesu (bleak future). Because writing is a noble and a very effective means of propaganda.
This book also features writing tips written by Rahmadiayanti (Dee). The trick is in reading = power, Mengutif of Ismail Marahimin in Writing By Popular Dee writes that reading gives 'power within' that needed a writer. Copy the master, mimicking the famous author's work as an exercise in copying the frame, the idea, method or technique (as an exercise only). Starting from near and simple, like JK Rowling author of Harry Potter phenomenon, claiming the characters in his work inspired many of the people who have dala life. Diaries and korenpondensi, great for exercise. Inquiry and do not give up and finally Dee prescribe writing is writing is writing ....
Not to forget Helvy Tiana Rosa also share 10 tips to write in this book. First, the motivation to make the best (not just want his work published, or have the book). Second, diligently observe everything, because writing is like a photograph or painting, so need to watch it before pouring it into the post. Third, many read the book (in a week is always trying to read the three types of books, literature, general knowledge and Islamic books). Fourth, write an experienced dream last night, helping to source ideas. Fifth, have a small book to record what is being crossed. Sixth, often open a dictionary to explore language, diction, and so that will help enrich the text. Seventh, take advantage of past experience is not good. Eighth, a lot of talk and hang out with other writers. Ninth, do not hesitate to submit work. Tenth, continuous exercise. Practice makes perfect slogan applies not just for beginners but also for authors who have really become a writer.
Many more are contained in this book as about honing skills in the community of authorship; biological clock that you write your best guess; that success with his work (from Asma Nadia, Hilman 'Lupus' Hariwijaya, Barbara Cartlan, and JK Rowling), so the authors' jos 'with the ethos; through the awesomeness of the media; finished writing, come a great book; specify the type of writing and reader segments: the different types of writing; legends, fables and myths; fable that continues to hum; royali and calculation problems; about copyright; their work affects world; profile of a young writer (Christopher 'Eragon' Paolini, Eliza Vitri Handayani 'AreaX', Syamsa Eve 'VCD Girl', Adzimatinnur Siregar 'Cover Boy Lemot'); cut is not important; books were rewritten; editor beautify your work; world even acknowledge them, and last, literary awards, just for the dedicated.
This comprehensive book written to meet the curiosity of the reader on questions related to writing fiction. So it deserves to be read by the author or prospective author, young and old regardless of the language used is sometimes too meremaja. This is probably due to this book was probably intended for a young reader segment is keen to work in his fictional world.

Techniques Screenplay Writing PART 1

Techniques Screenplay Writing Fiction
The meaning of fiction itself is a work of literature that reveals the reality of life in order to develop the imagination.
There are two kinds of fiction:
A. Imaginative fiction ---> based on imagination2. Science fiction ---> based on scientific analysis
* Nature of fiction- Anything that can not be verified is expressed in daily life, is speculative (not engineering know).
- All the characters, setting and subject matter is imaginative rather than objective reality.
- Truth is going on in fiction is not the objective truth, but truth is the truth that there are logical in reasoning.
- other people who live in the reality of everyday involved in all aspects of the life of fictional characterizations are able to influence and shape the nature and attitudes of readers, listeners, viewers.
- Truth logical cause any fiction fiction is always multy interpretable, which means that any readers, listeners, viewers have a commentary.
* Intrinsic element of fiction:A. Theme: an issue that animates the whole story. The theme is lifted from the conflict of life.
2. Plot: the basic story: the development of the story.
3. Plot: a series of storiesIn line connection can figure that the meeting focused on a single character, or characters that walk masing2 tenuous.Flow processes can be developed; backward, or forward and backward.Chronology of settlement there is no plot line and anti-climactic climax.
4. Setting: the scene of the story, divided into:- Geographical setting ----> the place where the incident took place- Setting anthropological ----> events related to the situation, psychological mindset, customs and traditions.
5. Characterizations character is described as the main character (protagonist), a character who opposed (antagonistic), or auxiliary character - but this is not the PRT
some people give a present can figure how to do directly with the description, describes the personal character, or indirectly by way of dialogue between characters.in fields figures should be drawn:- The field looks: gesture, expression, clothing, personal possessions, etc.- The field is not visible: the motive of the drive / desire, psychic form of psychological changes, feelings, and religiosity.

6. Point of view: the underlying theme and purpose of writing
Penghadiran able to:
- The first person ---> author as one of the characters involved
- Third-person style ---> author department to know what happened but was not involved in the story.

7. Atmosphere: The underlying story is the atmosphere of the characterizations due to differences in character, giving rise to conflict. Authors dealing with the conflict with the atmosphere of sad, poignant, challenging, fun, or inspiring.

All these points should be presented in full, so whether it be fiction short stories, novels, plays, film scenarios / soap opera so that readers, listeners, viewers have the imaginative power; have a commentary about the character, atmosphere, etc., to the work of fiction.

Do not forget: theme, plot, plot, and setting should also be clear that a work of fiction benar2 intact as a work of art is not a mere outpouring of the heart (like a diary).